Taken from Every Witch Way
Taken from Every Witch Way
Chemtrails and contrails:
If you see a commercial jetliner in the sky, you may see a white cloudy line trail behind it. This is the subject of some recent interest.
A straight jet engine has a rotating axel within a complex tube. Air entering the front is compressed by blades attached to the axel passing among blades attached to the tube until the resulting compressed air reaches a combustion chamber where fuel is added and the hot burned gasses continue through turbine blades at the back, which rotate the axel. The whole thing involves enormous pressure and temperatures so it is heavy and expensive and the useful output is only the exhaust, which pushes on a fairly small area of the air nearby so it is very inefficient. These drawbacks are balanced by the fact that it develops enormous raw power. One improvement is to put a second tube around the first that bypasses the engine itself and contains a big fan resulting in greater area of air pushed upon and greater efficiency.
A recently marketed car has no engine but an air tank that is light and very strong, which contains compressed air that drives a little motor to propel the vehicle. In an accident, the tank dumps its air so there is no gasoline sloshing around. Temperatures are low, and since a modern electric generator is more efficient than anything you’d try to drive, there is a significant savings as well as apparently greater safety. If you extend the idea to an airliner, the tank can be added as an extended fuselage, the empennage needs little change. Instead of jet engines, very large ducted fans could be placed at the ends of the wings – placed higher up so the fans clear the ground – getting rid of wasteful wingtip vortices and resulting in what seems to me to be a safer, cheaper, quieter, cooler, more efficient and longer lasting machine, but for now I suppose we are stuck with jets. After all, we expendables drive around in gasoline powered cars so there is lots of kerosene left over at the refinery which can be sold cheaply to our overlords to burn in their jets.
In 1883 a volcano called Krakatoa, over a period of time blew up in stages, the loudest explosion having been the loudest noise in history, heard 3,000 miles away and detectable as a pressure wave that circles the earth about 4 times. It resulted in an enormous amount of sulfuric acid in the upper atmosphere, and the average temperature in the northern hemisphere went down a couple of degrees for the next year.
Then as an evil fate decreed, the experts got involved. If you have followed my talks you know my opinion of just how wrong experts can be. “They” aver that the greater the diversity of a population the better; no, diversity is killing all the babies. “They” hold that the universe began with a Big Bang; no, time is backwards and the bang moment describes the end. This time they say, “The sulfuric acid blocked the sun so the earth cooled off in the shade.” No, the earth was cut off from the surrounding space, and the atmosphere began to equilibrate thermally with the oceans plus some ice melted.
I used to feel embarrassed for them. Every winter we’d be told, “If there is a nuclear war, a bunch of stuff would burn and that would cause a nuclear winter,” and every summer we’d get, “We burn so much stuff it’s going to cause greenhouse gasses like CO2 to trap heat and give us global warming.” I needn’t have worried. None of the experts had a problem. Eventually the cold war wound down and there was no money in warning us about nuclear winters. So which warning was right? Neither was right.
Suppose you toss a black ball and a white ball in the oven at 2000 Fahrenheit and let the system equilibrate. Which ball will be hotter? Of course, they will both be at 2000. If they weren’t you wouldn’t need an oven, nor a refrigerator for that matter, just a couple boxes with different colors. Up the ante; take a green ball and suspend it in a glass globe with CO2. It will still be at 2000.
Take all those things and anything else you like that does not have a power source and put them in space at the same distance from the sun as the earth. Let them spin to distribute the sunlight. They will all come out to 700 Fahrenheit, good old comfy room temperature. Ya don’t suppose that’s why we are comfortable at that temperature, do you? Duh. That’s the local balance between sunlight and the cold of space.
Does that mean that there is absolutely no effect of CO2 on the surface temperature of the earth? I can’t swear to zero, but it has to be a secondary effect. Call me a conspiracy theorist. Nay, call me a conspiracy expert; just because you are an expert does not mean you are not wrong, right?
So what about our nuclear/volcanic winter? To understand that, you have to understand “lapse rate.” Imagine a vertical tube full of air, all at the same temperature. Don’t let any heat in or out. Nothing should happen to the air. But now warm the bottom. The air there expands, weights a bit less per unit volume and starts to rise. As it does, it expands and cools. Well the same thing happens in the atmosphere. Heat comes from sunlight hitting the surface. Hot air rises until a gradient is established with colder air above warmer air. The rate at which it gets colder is called the lapse rate. Okay now, suppose there is a lot of sulfuric acid, soot or what have you at a high altitude. Say it blocks 90% of sunlight. Now it is, roughly, the level of the stuff up there that equilibrates to 700. It’s now the same temperature as the surface. This is called a temperature inversion; the temperature did not drop as fast as the lapse rate should make one expect. Now there is no air movement up, down nor, actually sideways – no wind, no rain. Of course, there is a brief drop in temperature, but that 10% of the sunlight that gets through is still warming the surface. And the air can’t rise to dump the heat into space because of the high temperature up there. It gets hotter. So if this is going on at 30,000 feet, where the temperature is generally 30 below, but is now 70 above, for a total rise in temperature up there of 100 degrees. That places the surface temperature at 170o, which we could not survive. It would take some time to get there, but our nuclear winter would eventually be a nuclear cooker. Not bad eh? The experts were dead wrong on both counts even though it seemed they had to be right on one.
Shift gears: a number of years ago the military announced they were going to release some barium in the stratosphere and to expect to see a pink smudge in the sky. I don’t remember anybody seeing it; maybe there was cloud cover. No harm done, say I. On the other hand, geoengineering experts have been saying we ought to put barium or sulfuric acid or whatever into the stratosphere to shade the earth and give us a little shade to relieve global warming.
So far as I know, no action has been taken on this, but enter a collection of independent conspiracy experts. They are declaring that it is already going on; they call the resulting visible stuff being dumped up there “chemtrails.” I have a mixed reaction. First I don’t believe it; for instance I’ve seen to many jets being fueled. Second I most heartily welcome their voices. They have made enough fuss so that the chance that we will have real chemtrails is quite remote. This might just be saving our lives. When I read about mental telepathy, free energy from the vacuum, interdimensional travel, time travel (except within a contained space, which we could talk about), instantaneous travel over great distances and so forth my level of skepticism, never zero, goes through the roof. Even commentators that I respect declare we are being poisoned by chemtrails; I think, “Okay, I’ll give you that one.” The cost of lost plausibility is more than balanced by the potential cost of the hairbrained scheme.
There is some good news. Recently a study has shown that when volcanoes blanket the atmosphere the loss of crop yields more than offsets any possible effect on global warming. So that particular geoengineering scheme is off the table. I’m sorry, but I’ve lost the reference on that, but it would seem most plausible on the face of it.
The relevant conspiracy experts do something that I like. They offer evidence. One thing is that the sun, which I remember as being yellow, now looks white. I look up, and that seems to be true. I really don’t understand why, but I am convinced that somebody has looked up and seen what I see. That’s good to know.
Another thing is that so-called chemtrails last much longer than contrails. My own observation is that, indeed, contrails are lasting much longer than I remember.
So what is a contrail? When kerosene is burned in a jet, carbon dioxide is released as is water vapor. The CO2 remains invisible, but the water promptly freezes. This leaves a trail of ice crystals. Ice does not need to melt before it evaporates; it can go directly from solid to gas in a process called sublimation. And it seems to me, as to other conspiracy experts, that the sublimation is taking longer. I suspect that is because after decades of contrail contribution the humidity at altitude has slowly risen. For whatever reason, the contrails seem to be lingering, and that means effectively that we are beginning more and more to opacify a layer of stratosphere with the resulting increase in its temperature and, small thanks to the lapse rate, increasing surface temperature. A way around this would be to power those airplanes with something that does not release water. Like compressed air?